A vulvectomy is surgery to remove part or all of the vulva (external genitalia, including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening). It is often used to treat:
- Vulvar cancer or precancerous changes (Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia – VIN).
- Severe, non-healing infections or benign growths.
- Trauma or chronic skin conditions.
Types of Vulvectomy:
- Partial: Removes a portion of the vulva.
- Simple (Total): Removes the entire vulva.
- Radical: Removes the vulva and deeper tissues (e.g., lymph nodes if cancer is present).
Preparing for Surgery
- Pre-op Tests: Blood tests, imaging, or biopsies.
- Medications: Adjust current medications (e.g., blood thinners) as advised.
- Fasting: No food/drink after midnight before surgery.
- Support Plan: Arrange help at home for recovery.
During the Procedure
- Anaesthesia: General or spinal anaesthesia.
- Duration: 1–3 hours, depending on complexity.
- Procedure: Surgeon removes affected tissue; lymph nodes may be checked for cancer spread.
Recovery After Surgery
- Hospital Stay: 1–5 days (varies by procedure).
- Pain Management: Medications are prescribed to help control pain while recovering.
- Wound Care: Keep the area clean/dry; follow instructions for dressings.
- Catheter: Temporary use if urination is affected.
Activity Restrictions:
- Avoid heavy lifting, driving (while on pain medication), and sexual activity for 4–6 weeks.
- Gradual return to normal activities; prioritize rest.
Long-Term Considerations
- Physical Changes: Scarring, numbness, or lymphedema (swelling if lymph nodes removed).
- Sexual Health: Altered sensation; explore lubricants or counselling for support.
- Emotional Well-being: Seek support groups or therapists for body image concerns.
- Follow-up: Regular check-ups to monitor healing and detect recurrence.
eGynaecologist Advice
- You should seek counselling services to discuss emotional/sexual health concerns with your gynaecological team if you are going to undergo vulvectomy or wide local excision of vulva.
- You should seek gynaecological consultation if you develop signs of infection (fever, redness, pus), swelling, bleeding, or severe pain after the procedure.
Frequently Asked Questions
When can I resume work?
Typically, 4–6 weeks, depending on job demands.
Will surgery affect my sex life?
Open communication with partners and healthcare providers can help address changes.
Are there alternatives to surgery?
For non-cancer cases, options like laser therapy or medicinal treatment may be discussed.
