Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is a minimally invasive surgery to remove cysts from one or both ovaries. Using a thin, lighted tube (laparoscope) and small abdominal incisions, the procedure preserves ovarian tissue where possible. This procedure has advantages of

• Minimal scarring (3–4 small cuts, 0.5–1.5 cm).
• Faster recovery compared to open surgery.
• Often preserves ovarian function and fertility.

Why is it Performed?

Your gynaecologist may recommend this surgery if you have:

• Persistent or painful ovarian cysts (e.g., endometriomas, dermoid cysts).
• Suspicion of cancer (rare; cysts are usually benign).
• Cysts causing infertility or hormonal issues.
• Cysts that grow or do not resolve with monitoring.

Before the Procedure

• Pre-operative tests:
  • Pelvic ultrasound/MRI to assess cyst size/location.
  • Blood tests (e.g., CA-125 to check for cancer markers).
• Preparation:
  Fasting: No food/drink for 6–12 hours before surgery.
  Medications: Adjust blood thinners (e.g., aspirin) as advised.
  Bowel prep: Rarely required (your gynaecologist will advise).
• Arrange support: Plan for someone to drive you home and assist for 1–2 days.

During the Procedure

• Anaesthesia: General anaesthesia (you’ll be asleep).
• Incisions: 3–4 small cuts in the abdomen.
• Surgery:
  The abdomen is inflated with gas for visibility.
  The laparoscope guides the surgeon to locate and remove the cyst(s).
  Cyst tissue may be sent for testing (biopsy).
• Closure: Stitches or glue seal the incisions.
• Duration: 30–90 minutes (depends on cyst complexity).

Risks and Complications

• Common (temporary):
  • Shoulder/neck pain (from gas).
  • Mild bloating, bruising, or vaginal spotting.
• Rare but serious:
  Infection, bleeding, or damage to nearby organs (bowel, bladder).
  Blood clots or anaesthesia reactions.
  Conversion to open surgery (larger incision).
  Reduced ovarian function (if significant tissue is removed).

Recovery

In the hospital:

• Most go home the same day or after a 1-night stay.

At home:

• Rest: Avoid heavy lifting, exercise, or driving for 1–2 weeks.
• Pain relief: Use prescribed medications or paracetamol/ibuprofen.
• Wound care: Keep incisions clean/dry; watch for redness/swelling.
• Activity:
  • Gentle walks aid recovery; gradually resume normal tasks.
  • Avoid sex, tampons, or swimming for 2–4 weeks.

• Return to work: Typically, within 1–2 weeks (adjust based on job demands).

Long-Term Effects

• Fertility: Usually preserved unless both ovaries are severely affected.
• Hormonal changes: Rare if ovarian tissue is preserved.
• Cyst recurrence: Possible (regular follow-ups recommended).