Cystoscopy is a procedure that allows a gynaecologist to examine the inside of your bladder and urethra using a thin, flexible tube with a camera (cystoscope). It helps diagnose or treat urinary problems.
Why Your Gynaecologist May Suggest This Procedure
- Blood in your urine (haematuria).
- Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs).
- Bladder pain, incontinence, or difficulty urinating.
- Suspicious growths, stones, or blockages.
- Unusual cells found in a urine test.
This Procedure Is Not Suitable If
- You have an active UTI or pelvic infection
- You cannot tolerate the required positioning (e.g., severe arthritis)
Benefits
- Accurate diagnosis: Directly visualizes bladder/urethral issues.
- Minimally invasive: No incisions needed.
- Therapeutic options: Can remove small stones, take biopsies, or treat blockages during the procedure.
Risks and Complications
- Common:
- Mild burning during urination (1–2 days)
- Light pink urine for 24–48 hours
- Uncommon:
- UTI (antibiotics may be prescribed preventatively)
- Temporary urinary urgency/frequency
- Rare:
- Bleeding requiring treatment
- Urethral/bladder injury (<1%)
Before the Procedure
- Medications:
- Stop blood thinners (aspirin/warfarin) 3–7 days prior to procedure.
- Take antibiotics if prescribed.
- Before the procedure:
- Urine test to rule out infection. Fast for 2–4 hours if sedation is used.
- Arrange a ride home if receiving sedation.
- What to wear: Loose, comfortable clothing.
During the Procedure
- Position: Lie on your back with knees bent (similar to a pelvic exam).
- Anaesthesia:
Local anaesthetic gel applied to the urethra (numbing).
Optional sedation or general anaesthesia for complex cases. - Procedure steps:
The cystoscope is gently inserted through the urethra into the bladder.
Sterile fluid fills the bladder for better visibility (may cause pressure).
Exam takes 5–15 minutes; biopsies/treatments add time. - After: You can usually leave within 30–60 minutes.
Recovery
- Immediately after:
- Mild stinging when urinating (drink extra water to flush).
- Pink-tinged urine is normal for 1–3 days.
- At home:
Hydration: Drink 6–8 glasses of water daily for 2 days.
Avoid: Sex, strenuous exercise, baths, and swimming for 48–72 hours - Return to work:
Most resume normal activities in 1–2 days.
Results
- Preliminary findings: Discussed immediately after the procedure.
- Biopsy results: Ready in 1–2 weeks (follow-up appointment needed).
eGynaecologist Advice
- You should follow aftercare instructions to prevent infection and drink plenty of fluids. It is also important to avoid irritants like caffeine and alcohol after the cystoscopy procedure.
- You should seek gynaecological consultation if you develop fever (>38°C) or chills, inability to urinate for >8 hours, heavy bleeding (bright red urine with clots) or severe abdominal pain.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does cystoscopy hurt?
Most feel pressure and a brief sting. Local anaesthetic gel minimizes discomfort. Sedation is optional for anxiety.
Can I drive home afterward?
Yes, if only local anaesthesia is used. With sedation, arrange a ride.
Will it affect my sexual function?
No. Temporary discomfort during sex may occur for 3–5 days.
What if I see blood clots in my urine?
Light bleeding is normal. Contact your gynaecologist if bleeding is heavy (red urine beyond 48 hours) or you pass clots.
Can cystoscopy spread cancer?
No. It detects existing abnormalities; it does not cause cancer.
