Colposcopy

Why is a Colposcopy done?

Your gynaecologist may recommend this test if:

• Your cervical screening detected abnormal cells or high-risk HPV.
• You have symptoms like unusual bleeding (e.g., after sex).
• Your cervix looks unusual during a pelvic exam.

Before the Procedure

Timing: Avoid scheduling during your period (ideal time: 1–2 weeks after your period ends).

Avoid for 24–48 hours before:

• Vaginal sex, tampons, or lubricants.
• Vaginal medications or creams.

Pain relief: Take over-the-counter painkillers (e.g., paracetamol) beforehand if advised.

Ask questions: Discuss any concerns, allergies, or medical conditions with your gynaecologist.

During the Colposcopy

• Positioning: You lie on an exam table, similar to a smear test, with legs supported.
• Speculum insertion: A smooth plastic tool is gently inserted into the vagina to hold it open.
• Examination: The colposcope magnifies the cervix; a mild acetic acid solution highlights abnormal areas (may cause brief tingling).
• Biopsy (if needed): Small tissue samples may be taken; a quick pinch or cramp may be felt. Local anaesthetic may be used.

Possible Risks

Common (temporary):

• Light bleeding or dark discharge (especially if a biopsy is taken).
• Mild cramping for 1–2 days.

Rare (serious):

• Infection (signs: fever, foul-smelling discharge, heavy bleeding).
• Heavy bleeding (contact a doctor if soaking a pad hourly).

After the Procedure

Recovery: Most women resume normal activities immediately.

Self-care:

• Use sanitary pads (not tampons).
• Avoid sex, swimming, or tampons for 3–5 days (longer if biopsy done).
• Pain relief: Paracetamol or ibuprofen can ease cramps.

Getting Your Results

Results take 2–4 weeks. Your gynaecologist will explain:

• Normal: No abnormal cells; continue routine screening.
• Low-grade changes: Often clear on their own; follow-up advised.
• High-grade changes: May require further treatment (e.g., LLETZ/LEEP).