Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to physical and emotional symptoms that occur 1–2 weeks before your period and improve once menstruation begins. It’s very common, affecting up to 3 in 4 menstruating individuals. Severe emotional symptoms (e.g., extreme sadness or anger) may indicate PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder), a more intense form of PMS.
Common symptoms
- Emotional: Mood swings, irritability, anxiety, sadness, or fatigue.
- Physical: Bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, joint pain, or acne.
- Behavioural: Trouble sleeping, appetite changes, or difficulty concentrating.
What causes PMS?
- Hormonal changes (fluctuations in oestrogen and progesterone).
- Serotonin level drop in luteal phase (a brain chemical affecting mood).
- Stress or sensitivity to hormonal shifts.
Diagnosis
- Symptom tracking: Keep a daily diary for 2–3 cycles to identify patterns.
- Rule out other conditions: Blood tests may check for thyroid issues or anaemia.
Management and Treatment
- Lifestyle Changes in diet, regular exercise, having good sleep and relaxation strategies.
Medications
- Hormonal Birth Control: Pills or IUDs to stabilize hormones.
- Antidepressants: SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine) for severe mood symptoms.
- Supplements like Calcium, Magnesium and Vitamin B6
eGynaecologist Advice
- Consult your gynaecologist if your symptoms don’t improve with self-care.
- You must consult gynaecologist if you suspect PMDD (severe mood swings, suicidal thoughts).
- Treatment is most often personalised and different approaches may be necessary. Stay hydrated and include whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can PMS worsen with age?
Symptoms may intensify in your 30s–40s but often improve after menopause.
Are natural remedies effective?
Some find relief with yoga or supplements but discuss with your doctor first.
Does PMS affect fertility?
No – PMS doesn’t impact your ability to conceive.
When should I seek help?
If symptoms disrupt work, relationships, or daily life, or if you feel hopeless.
