An abnormal cervical smear means cell changes were found on your cervix during screening. These changes are not cancer but are monitored to prevent future issues. Most are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus spread through skin-to-skin contact. An abnormal result is common (1 in 20 smears) and rarely urgent.
What do my results mean?
- Low-grade changes:
Mild cell changes often resolve on their own. - High-grade changes:
More significant changes that need closer monitoring or treatment. - HPV-positive:
The virus linked to cervical changes was detected.
Why does this happen?
- HPV infection causes most cervical cell changes.
- Smoking, a weakened immune system, or long-term HPV infection can increase risk.
- Many changes clear up naturally without treatment.
What happens next?
- Repeat Smear:
- Mild changes may only require a repeat test in 6–12 months.
- Colposcopy:
- A closer exam of the cervix using a magnifying device.
- A small biopsy (tissue sample) may be taken for testing.
- HPV Testing:
- Confirms if high-risk HPV is present.
Treatment options (if needed)
- Monitoring: Many changes resolve without treatment.
- Loop excision: A quick procedure to remove abnormal cells under local anaesthesia.
- Cryotherapy: Freezing abnormal cells.
- Cone Biopsy: Removing a small cone-shaped piece of cervical tissue (rare).
eGynaecologist Advice
- Most changes on cervical smear are treatable. Your gynaecologist may suggest specific immune boosting strategies that help repair of cervical mucosa and reverse HPV infection.
- Early action prevents serious issues and cervical screening saves lives. You should consider HPV vaccination to prevent infection from unexposed HPV viruses.
- Consult your gynaecologist if you have persistent bleeding between your periods or bleeding after sex or unusual discharge.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does this mean I have cancer?
No. Abnormal cells are pre-cancerous, not cancer. Early detection helps prevent cancer.
Will I need surgery?
Most mild changes require no treatment. Even if needed, procedures are minor and done in-clinic.
Can I still get pregnant?
Yes. Treatments like LLETZ (loop excision) rarely affect fertility. Discuss concerns with your gynaecologist.
Is my partner at risk?
HPV is common and often clears naturally. Partners do not need testing unless advised.
How can I reduce future risk?
You should attend follow-up appointments, stop smoking and consider HPV vaccination.
