A UTI occurs when bacteria enter the urinary system, most often affecting the bladder (cystitis). Women are at higher risk due to a shorter urethra, which allows bacteria to reach the bladder more easily. If you have frequent infections (> 3/year), it is called recurrent UTI.
Common symptoms
- Burning pain when urinating.
- Frequent urge to urinate, even with little urine.
- Cloudy, bloody, or strong-smelling urine.
- Pelvic discomfort or pressure.
Causes & risk factors
- Bacteria: E. coli (from the gut) is the most common cause.
- Risk Factors:
- Sexual activity.
- Use of diaphragms/spermicides.
- Menopause (due to hormonal changes).
- Diabetes or a weakened immune system.
Diagnosis
- Urine Test: A dipstick test or lab culture confirms the infection.
- Imaging: Rarely needed unless infections are recurrent.
Treatment
- Antibiotics:
Commonly prescribed: Nitrofurantoin or Trimethoprim. - Pain Relief:
Over-the-counter painkillers (e.g., paracetamol). - Self-Care:
Drink plenty of water to flush bacteria.
Wipe front to back after using the toilet. - Avoid douches, scented sprays, or irritating products.
Urinate after sex to flush out bacteria.
eGynaecologist Advice
- UTIs are common but treatable and early treatment prevents complications (e.g., kidney infection).
- Seek gynaecological consultation if your symptoms last >48 hours or worsen, you have recurrent UTIs (≥3 a year), notice blood in urine or have severe pain and if you are pregnant.
- You must seek urgent care if you develop fever, chills, nausea or vomiting or back/flank pain (may indicate a kidney infection).
Frequently Asked Questions
Are UTIs sexually transmitted?
No, but sex can increase risk by introducing bacteria.
Can men get UTIs?
Yes, but less common. Requires medical evaluation.
Can I use leftover antibiotics?
Never! Incomplete treatment or wrong antibiotics can worsen resistance.
Are UTIs linked to hygiene?
Over-cleaning with harsh products can irritate the urethra. Gentle soap and water are best.
