Genital warts are small, flesh-coloured growths caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). They appear on or around the vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, or thighs. While not dangerous, they can cause discomfort and emotional distress.
Common symptoms
- Small, raised bumps (single or clusters, resembling cauliflower).
- Itching, burning, or tenderness in the genital area.
- Bleeding during sex (if warts are irritated).
- Note: Many people with HPV have no symptoms but can still spread the virus.
Causes & transmission
- HPV Types 6 & 11: Cause 90% of genital warts (not linked to cancer).
- Skin-to-skin contact: Spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
- No symptoms needed: Partners may carry HPV without visible warts.
Diagnosis
- Visual exam: A healthcare provider can often diagnose warts by appearance.
- Cervical smear/HPV test: Screens for high-risk HPV strains (unrelated to warts but important for cervical health).
Treatment Options
- Topical Treatments:
Imiquimod cream (boosts immune response).
Podophyllotoxin solution (applied at home). - In-Clinic Procedures:
Cryotherapy: Freezing warts with liquid nitrogen.
Laser/surgical removal: For larger or stubborn warts. - Self-Care:
Keep the area clean and dry.
Avoid picking or shaving over warts.
eGynaecologist Advice
- Genital warts can cause pain, bleeding, or emotional distress but are treatable and manageable. Warts may recur even after treatment and full clearance can take weeks/months.
- You should seek gynaecological consultation about HPV Vaccine, which protects you from infection of high-risk HPV viruses causing genital warts and is best prevention.
- You must seek gynaecological consultation if you are pregnant to discuss safe treatments (warts can grow faster).
- You should not forget to have regular check up with your gynaecologist and cervical screening, which is crucial if you have been infected with HPV.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are genital warts cancerous?
No – warts are caused by low-risk HPV. However, having regular cervical smear screen for high-risk HPV linked to cervical cancer is important.
Can I spread HPV without warts?
Yes. HPV can be transmitted even if no symptoms are present.
Will warts go away on their own?
Sometimes, but treatment speeds recovery and reduces transmission risk.
Should my partner get tested?
Partners don’t need testing unless symptoms appear. Focus on open communication and prevention.
Can I get warts again after treatment?
Yes. HPV may stay dormant; recurrence depends on your immune system.
