A Bartholin abscess occurs when one of the Bartholin glands (located on either side of the vaginal opening) becomes blocked and infected. These glands normally secrete fluid to lubricate the vagina. When the duct is blocked, fluid builds up, forming a cyst. If the cyst becomes infected, it turns into a painful abscess.
Symptoms
- Painful lump near the vaginal opening (usually on one side).
- Redness, swelling, and warmth in the area.
- Pain when walking, sitting, or during intercourse.
- Fever or chills (if infection spreads).
- Pus or fluid drainage (if the abscess ruptures).
Causes & risk factors
- Blocked gland duct due to fluid buildup.
- Bacterial infection (from skin bacteria or STIs).
- Risk factors:
Previous Bartholin cysts/abscesses.
Sexual activity (can introduce bacteria).
Poor hygiene or tight clothing.
Diagnosis
- Physical exam: A gynaecologist checks the lump and symptoms.
- Swab test: To identify bacteria (e.g., STIs).
- Biopsy (rarely): If recurrent, to rule out cancer (very uncommon).
Treatment Options
- Home Care (for small cysts):
- Warm sitz baths: Soak in warm water 3–4 times/day to reduce swelling.
- Pain relief: Over-the-counter medications (e.g., ibuprofen).
- Medical Treatment (for abscesses):
- Incision & drainage: A small cut drains pus (local anaesthesia used).
- Word catheter: A tiny balloon keeps the duct open for weeks to prevent recurrence.
- Antibiotics: Prescribed if infection is suspected or STI detected.
- Marsupialization (for recurrent cases): Creates a permanent opening for drainage.
Possible Complications
- Recurrence: Up to 30% of cases.
- Infection spread: Rare but serious (e.g., cellulitis).
- Fistula formation: Abnormal tissue connection (very rare).
eGynaecologist Advice
- Bartholin abscess is common in women of reproductive age (20–30s) and maintaining a good perineal hygiene with daily gentle wash can prevent infections.
- You should seek gynaecological consultation if you develop severe pain, raised temperature, rapid swelling or have difficulty walking or sitting.
- You should try to avoid sex or use of tampons until the Bartholin abscess has healed (1–2 weeks) and contact your gynaecologist if you have recurrent abscesses (3+ times).
Frequently Asked Questions
Is this an STD?
No, but STIs can contribute. Testing may be advised.
Can I prevent abscesses?
Good hygiene and safe sex reduce risk, but some factors are unavoidable.
Will this affect fertility?
No. The abscess does not impact reproductive organs.
Is surgery always needed?
Small cysts may resolve with home care, but abscesses often require drainage.
