Expertise

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) – previously known as premature ovarian failure or premature menopause

Peritoneal Cancer

Peritoneal cancer is a rare cancer that develops in the peritoneum – a thin, delicate, silk-like membrane that lines the inside wall of the abdomen and covers the abdominal organs

Lichen Planus (Vulvar and Vaginal)

Lichen planus is a chronic (long-term) inflammatory condition that affects the skin and mucous membranes.

Fallopian Tube Cancer

Fallopian tube cancer is a rare cancer that starts in the fallopian tubes – the pair of slender tubes that connect your ovaries to your uterus (womb).

Infertility (In Both Partners)

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse (or after 6 months if the female partner is over 35 years old).

Hirsutism

Hirsutism is a condition in which women develop excessive, thick, dark, coarse hair in a male-like (androgenic) distribution

Asherman’s Syndrome

Asherman’s syndrome is a condition where scar tissue (adhesions or synechiae) forms inside the uterus (womb) and sometimes in the cervix.

Ziwig Endotest: A Simple Saliva Test for Endometriosis

For too long, endometriosis has hidden in silence, and its diagnosis has involved invasive surgery. The Ziwig Endotest is a breakthrough in women’s health: a non-invasive, pain-free saliva test that

WID-Easy Test for Endometrial Cancer

The WID-easy test is a breakthrough in women’s healthcare. It is a simple, rapid, and highly accurate swab test designed to detect endometrial (womb) cancer in perimenopausal and post-menopausal women,

What is Endometriosis? A Simple Guide for Patients

Endometriosis is a benign (non-cancerous), chronic condition where tissue similar to the lining of your uterus (the endometrium) grows in other parts of your body, usually within the pelvis. This

Vulvodynia

Vulvodynia is chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva (the external female genital area) that lasts for at least 3 months, with no clear cause (e.g., infection, injury, or skin

Vulval Intra-epithelial Neoplasia (VIN)

Vulval Intra-epithelial Neoplasia (VIN) refers to abnormal cell changes in the skin of the vulva (the external genital area, including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening). These changes are not

Vulval Dermatoses

Vulval dermatoses are inflammatory skin conditions affecting the vulva (external genital area). They are not sexually transmitted and include: Lichen Sclerosus: Causes thin, white patches and scarring. Lichen Planus: Leads

Vulval Cancer

Vulval cancer develops in the vulva, the external female genital area (including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening). It is a rare cancer but often treatable when detected early. Most

Vaginitis

Vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina that can cause itching, discharge, and discomfort. It is often due to infections (like yeast or bacteria) or irritants. While common and treatable, proper

Vaginal Thrush

Vaginal thrush is a common fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida. It occurs when the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina is disrupted. It is

Vaginal Pinworm Infestation

Vaginal pinworm infestation occurs when pinworms (small, white intestinal worms) migrate from the anus to the vaginal area. It is a secondary effect of intestinal pinworm infection (Enterobius vermicularis), most

Vaginal Dryness

Vaginal dryness occurs when the vaginal tissues lack moisture, leading to discomfort, itching, or pain. It’s common during menopause but can affect women of all ages due to hormonal changes,

Vaginal Cancer

Vaginal cancer develops in the vagina, the muscular tube connecting the vulva to the cervix. It is very rare, accounting for 1–2% of gynaecological cancers. Most cases occur in women

Vaginal Atrophy

Vaginal atrophy is a common condition where the vaginal walls become thinner, drier, and less elastic due to a drop in oestrogen levels. It often occurs during or after menopause

Urogenital Prolapse

Urogenital prolapse occurs when pelvic organs (bladder, uterus, rectum, or small bowel) slip from their normal position and bulge into the vagina due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and ligaments.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A UTI occurs when bacteria enter the urinary system, most often affecting the bladder (cystitis). Women are at higher risk due to a shorter urethra, which allows bacteria to reach

Urinary Incontinence (UI)

Urinary incontinence is the unintentional leakage of urine. It is a common condition, especially among women, and is not a normal part of aging. With proper care, most cases can

Urethral Caruncle

A urethral caruncle is a small, benign (non-cancerous) growth that appears on the urethral meatus, which is the outer opening of the urethra where urine exits the body. It is

STIs

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections spread primarily through sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral sex) or close genital contact. Some can also spread via shared needles, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Risk-Reducing Surgery

Risk-reducing surgery (prophylactic surgery) involves removing the ovaries and fallopian tubes (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) to lower the chance of developing ovarian cancer. It is recommended for individuals at high risk due

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) occur when bacteria—most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli) enter and multiply in parts of the urinary system such as the bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis), or kidneys

Recurrent Miscarriage

Recurrent miscarriage is defined as experiencing three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 24 weeks of gestation. While emotionally challenging, many couples go on to have successful pregnancies with the

Preventive and Diagnostic Genetic Tests

The study of DNA, its genes and how these express and interact to influence growth and changes in our bodies represents genomics. The changes in DNA are passed through generations

Pre-Pregnancy Counselling

Pre-pregnancy counselling is a proactive discussion with your healthcare provider to optimise your health and reduce risks before you conceive. It’s recommended for anyone planning a pregnancy, especially if you:

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe, clinically diagnosable form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It is a hormone-based mood disorder where you experience intense emotional and physical symptoms in the

Post-menopausal Dementia

Women face a 1 in 5 lifetime risk of developing Alzheimer’s—nearly twice that of men to develop Dementia. After menopause, declining oestrogen accelerates brain aging and vulnerability. But up to

Post-Coital Bleeding

Post-coital bleeding refers to vaginal bleeding that occurs after sexual intercourse. It can range from light spotting to heavier bleeding and may happen occasionally or repeatedly. While often not serious,

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal and metabolic condition that affects how a woman’s ovaries work. It is a “syndrome,” meaning it is a collection of symptoms rather

PMS

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to physical and emotional symptoms that occur 1–2 weeks before your period and improve once menstruation begins. It’s very common, affecting up to 3 in 4

Peri-menopause

Perimenopause is the transitional phase leading to menopause (when periods stop for 12 months). It typically begins in the mid-40s but can start earlier. Hormone levels, especially oestrogen, fluctuate, leading

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is most often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria (e.g., Chlamydia

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS)

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) is a chronic medical condition caused by varicose veins in your pelvis. Similar to varicose veins in the legs, the valves in the pelvic veins become

Painful Sex

Painful sex, or dyspareunia, is discomfort during or after sexual intercourse. It’s a common issue affecting many women and can stem from physical, emotional, or hormonal causes. Common symptoms Possible

Painful Periods

Painful periods (dysmenorrhea) are cramping pains in the lower abdomen before or during menstruation. They are common and affect many women, but severe pain may signal an underlying condition. There

Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS)

Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS), also called Interstitial Cystitis (IC), is a chronic condition causing bladder pressure, pain, and frequent urination. Unlike infections, PBS involves bladder wall inflammation without bacteria. Symptoms

Overactive Bladder (OAB)

Overactive Bladder (OAB) is a common condition where the bladder muscles contract involuntarily, causing sudden urges to urinate that may be hard to control. It is not a normal part

Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside an ovary. Most are harmless (benign) and resolve on their own, but some may cause symptoms or require treatment. They

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, the organs that produce eggs and hormones. It is often called a “silent killer” because symptoms may be vague until the disease is advanced.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak, brittle, and prone to fractures due to loss of density. Common fracture sites: hips, spine, and wrists. After menopause, declining oestrogen levels

NIPT Test

The Harmony Test is a non-invasive prenatal screening test (NIPT) that checks for certain chromosomal conditions in your baby using a simple blood draw. It is typically offered after 10

Mounjaro (tirzepatide) for Weight Management

Mounjaro is a weekly injection medication (“GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist”). It helps manage blood sugar in type 2 diabetes, but it’s also very effective for weight loss in people

Molar Pregnancy

A molar pregnancy, also known as Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD), is a rare complication of pregnancy where abnormal tissue grows inside the womb (uterus) instead of a healthy baby. In

Lynch Syndrome

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited condition that increases the risk of certain cancers, particularly colorectal and endometrial cancers. It is caused by changes (mutations) in genes that normally help

Lichen Sclerosus

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic skin condition that causes thin, white, patchy skin, often affecting the genital and anal areas. It can lead to itching, pain, and scarring if

IUCD

An Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) is a small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. These are highly effective as long-lasting contraception. There are two main types: How

Intermenstrual Bleeding

Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) refers to vaginal bleeding that occurs between regular menstrual periods. It can range from light spotting to heavier flow and may happen unpredictably. While sometimes harmless, it

Hyperprolactinaemia (High Prolactin)

Hyperprolactinaemia is a condition where you have a higher-than-normal level of a hormone called prolactin in your blood. Prolactin is produced by the pituitary gland in your brain, and its

HPV Vaccination

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus spread through skin-to-skin contact, including sexual activity. Certain HPV strains can cause: Why get vaccinated as an adult? Is the HPV vaccine safe?

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS)

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that affects areas of the body where skin rubs together and where there are apocrine sweat glands (which are associated with

Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) is when periods are abnormally heavy or prolonged, interfering with daily life. It affects 1 in 5 women and can lead to fatigue, anaemia, or emotional

Gynaecological Examination

What is a Gynaecological examination? A gynaecological exam is a routine check-up to assess the health of your reproductive organs (e.g., vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, ovaries). It helps detect infections,

Genital Warts

Genital warts are small, flesh-coloured growths caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). They appear on or around the vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, or thighs. While not dangerous,

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), usually type 2 (HSV-2). It causes outbreaks of painful sores or blisters in the

Endometrial Polyps

Endometrial polyps are non-cancerous growths attached to the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). They range in size from a few millimetres to several centimetres and are most common in

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition where the lining of the uterus (womb) becomes thicker than normal. It is not a cancer, but in some cases, it can develop into cancer

Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer develops in the endometrium, the lining of the uterus (womb). It is the most common type of uterine cancer and often detected early due to noticeable symptoms like

Egg Freezing

Egg freezing (oocyte cryopreservation) is a process where a woman’s eggs are extracted from her ovaries, frozen, and stored for future use. This allows individuals to preserve their fertility for:

Ectopic Pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency in which a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main cavity of the uterus. The most common site (in over 95% of

Early Menopause

Early menopause (premature ovarian insufficiency or POI) occurs when the ovaries stop functioning normally before age 40, leading to irregular or absent periods and reduced fertility. It affects 1 in

Decreased libido (Low sex drive)

What is low sex drive? Low sex drive (or hypoactive sexual desire disorder, HSDD) is a persistent lack of interest in sexual activity that causes personal distress. It is common

Contraception

Contraception (birth control) helps prevent pregnancy. There are many types, and the best choice depends on your health, lifestyle, and future plans. Some methods also protect against sexually transmitted infections

Coccydynia (Tailbone Pain)

Coccydynia is the medical term for persistent pain in and around your coccyx (tailbone). The coccyx is the small, triangular bone at the very bottom of your spine. This pain

Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP)

Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is defined as non-cyclic pain in your pelvic region (below your belly button) that lasts for six months or more. It is a complex condition, not

Cervicitis

Cervicitis is inflammation of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina). It is often caused by infections, irritants, or allergies. While common and treatable,

Cervical Polyp

What is a Cervical Polyp? A cervical polyp is a small, finger-like growth on the cervix (the opening to the uterus). These polyps are usually non-cancerous (benign) and often cause

Cervical Intra-epithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Cervical Intra-epithelial Neoplasia (CIN) refers to abnormal cell changes on the surface of the cervix (the entrance to the womb). These changes are not cancer, but if left untreated, some

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer develops in the cervix, the lower part of the womb (uterus). It often grows slowly, starting with pre-cancerous changes (dysplasia) that can be detected early through screening. Causes

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow abnormally and form a tumour. It is the most common cancer in women worldwide and early detection significantly improves treatment success.

BRCA Gene Mutations

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that help repair DNA damage and prevent cancer. These are considered as body’s “spellcheckers” – they fix errors in DNA to keep cells healthy. Mutations

Bartholin Abscess

A Bartholin abscess occurs when one of the Bartholin glands (located on either side of the vaginal opening) becomes blocked and infected. These glands normally secrete fluid to lubricate the

Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of the natural bacteria in the vagina. It occurs when harmful bacteria outnumber healthy Lactobacilli. BV is not

Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is a benign (non-cancerous) condition where the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus (the endometrium) grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (the myometrium). Each

Abnormal Cervical Smear

An abnormal cervical smear means cell changes were found on your cervix during screening. These changes are not cancer but are monitored to prevent future issues. Most are caused by

Postmenopausal Bleeding

Postmenopausal bleeding is defined as any vaginal bleeding that occurs 12 months or more after your last menstrual period. This includes not just heavy, period-like flow, but also any spotting,

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